万一哪天重装系统，忘记哪些程序必须安装就麻烦了，备份。

###写文档：###

Gummi -Simple LaTeX editor for Linux.（还要安装整套texlive的软件包）

LyX -An open source document processor running on many Unix platforms (including MacOS X), OS/2, and under Windows/Cygwin.

###编程相关：###

Rstudio -RStudio brings together everything you need to be productive with R in a single, customizable environment. (当然不能忘了安装R) 2015.05.11更新，强大的version 0.99支持插入Roxygen的功能，我再也不用学习emacs了！！！

Scicoslab - ScicosLab is a free open-source software package providing a multi-platform environment for scientific computation. （前身是Scilab）

Scilab - Scilab is an open source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language.（我之前以为它已经被淘汰了，原来是产生了若干个分支版本）

Spyder - Spyder (previously known as Pydee) is a powerful interactive development environment for the Python language with advanced editing, interactive testing, debugging and introspection features. (2015年已经不喜欢这个了)

Vi IMproved -找了个有弹出界面版本

GSL（GNU Scientific Library） -The GNU Scientific Library (GSL) is a numerical library for C and C++ programmers.

Julia - Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of other technical computing environments. （可以部分代替scilab和matlab，注意 export PATH=$PATH:/opt/julia/）

Rodeo - Rodeo is a data centric IDE for Python.

Jupyter - The Jupyter Notebook is a web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and explanatory text. （这个比rodeo还好，但我还在犹豫用那种，2016年更新）

###阅读器：###

xCHM -阅读chm文件的，有多种软件，其实没一个能兼顾界面友好和浏览效果的。

###互联网相关：###

aMule -电驴，P2P （2016年再来看，这真成历史了）

FileZilla - Open Source (GNU/GPL) FTP client for Windows, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux.

###可视化与绘图：###

Processing - Processing is an open source programming language and environment for people who want to create images, animations, and interactions.  （一个安装问题解决办法 http://goo.gl/fE5Jp，安装方法 ） （我一直都没学，2016年留）

Graphviz - Graph Visualization Software

###软件管理：###

Git - Git is a distributed revision control and source code management (SCM) system with an emphasis on speed.